STAR-DUNDEEE Installation

 To install and set up a STAR-Dundee SpaceWire interface on a Linux system, you need to follow several steps, including obtaining the necessary software and drivers, installing the hardware, and configuring the system. Here is a general guide to help you through the process:

1. Obtain the Necessary Software and Drivers

  1. Visit STAR-Dundee's Website:

    • Go to the STAR-Dundee website and navigate to the Downloads section.
    • Download the appropriate drivers and software for your specific SpaceWire interface and operating system.
  2. Register or Contact Support:

    • You might need to register or contact STAR-Dundee support to get access to certain downloads.

2. Install the Hardware

  1. Connect the Hardware:
    • Connect your STAR-Dundee SpaceWire interface to your computer using the provided cables.
    • Ensure the hardware is properly seated and securely connected.

3. Install the Drivers

  1. Extract the Downloaded Package:

    • Extract the contents of the downloaded driver package to a known location.
  2. Install Required Dependencies:

    • You may need to install additional dependencies. Use your package manager to install the necessary packages. For example, on Debian-based systems:

      sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)
  3. Build and Install the Driver:

    • Navigate to the extracted driver directory and follow the installation instructions provided in the README or INSTALL file. Typically, this involves running make and make install commands:

      cd /path/to/extracted/driver make sudo make install
  4. Load the Driver:

    • Load the driver module using modprobe or insmod:

      sudo modprobe star-spacewire

4. Verify the Installation

  1. Check Device Nodes:

    • Verify that the device nodes are created, typically under /dev/. For example:

      ls /dev/star-spacewire*
  2. Check Kernel Logs:

    • Check the kernel logs to ensure the driver is loaded correctly:

      dmesg | grep spacewire

5. Configure and Test

  1. Run Example Applications:

    • STAR-Dundee often provides example applications or tests to verify the installation. Run these applications to ensure your setup is working correctly.
  2. Write Your Application:

    • Once verified, you can start writing your applications using the STAR-Dundee API. Refer to the documentation and example code provided in the downloaded package.

Example Code to Communicate Using SpaceWire

Here’s an example in Python that assumes you have the necessary Python bindings for the STAR-Dundee SpaceWire API:


import star_dundee def initialize_spacewire(port): # Initialize SpaceWire interface interface = star_dundee.SpaceWireInterface(port) interface.open() return interface def send_data(interface, data): # Send data over SpaceWire interface.write(data) print(f"Data sent: {data}") def receive_data(interface, length): # Receive data over SpaceWire data = interface.read(length) print(f"Data received: {data}") return data def main(): port = "/dev/star-spacewire0" # Example port data_to_send = b"Hello, SpaceWire!" # Initialize SpaceWire interface interface = initialize_spacewire(port) try: # Send data send_data(interface, data_to_send) # Receive data (assuming the same length for simplicity) received_data = receive_data(interface, len(data_to_send)) finally: # Close the SpaceWire interface interface.close() if __name__ == "__main__": main()

Real-Time OS/Frameworks for High-Reliability Applications

Real-Time OS/Frameworks for High-Reliability Applications

Real-Time OS/Frameworks for High-Reliability Applications

RTEMS (Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems)

Description: A free real-time operating system (RTOS) for embedded systems.

Use Cases: Aerospace, military, industrial control systems, and other high-reliability applications.

NASA Core Flight System (cFS)

Description: A portable, platform-independent framework for developing flight software applications.

Use Cases: NASA spacecraft and missions, supporting modularity and reusability in software development.

VxWorks

Description: A real-time operating system developed by Wind River Systems.

Use Cases: Aerospace, defence, automotive, medical devices, and industrial equipment for real-time performance and reliability.

FreeRTOS

Description: An open-source real-time operating system kernel for embedded devices.

Use Cases: Widely used in various industries, including aerospace, for implementing real-time applications on microcontrollers.

TTEthernet (Time-Triggered Ethernet)

Description: An extension of standard Ethernet designed to provide deterministic and fault-tolerant communication.

Use Cases: Aerospace, automotive, and industrial applications requiring high reliability and precise timing.

Implementing SpaceWire in a Real-Time Linux Environment

Implementing SpaceWire in a Real-Time Linux Environment

Implementing SpaceWire in a Real-Time Linux Environment

SpaceWire is a high-speed communication network designed for real-time data handling and communication between spacecraft subsystems. Implementing SpaceWire in a Real-Time Linux environment involves specific options and considerations to ensure optimal performance and reliability.

1. SpaceWire Interface Cards

STAR-Dundee

STAR-Dundee offers a range of SpaceWire interface cards compatible with Linux, including real-time Linux. Their drivers and APIs support various real-time operations, making them a popular choice for aerospace applications.

4Links

4Links provides SpaceWire interfaces that can be integrated with Linux systems. They offer support for real-time applications through custom drivers, ensuring that your SpaceWire communication remains reliable and efficient.

2. Real-Time Linux Distributions

PREEMPT_RT Patch

The PREEMPT_RT patch can be applied to your Linux kernel to achieve real-time capabilities. This patch enhances the kernel's preemption capabilities, making it suitable for real-time applications, including SpaceWire.

Xenomai

Xenomai is a real-time development framework that works with the Linux kernel to provide a real-time interface. It can be used with SpaceWire to achieve deterministic behavior, essential for real-time data handling in space applications.

3. Drivers and Libraries

Open Source Drivers

Some open-source drivers are available for SpaceWire devices. These drivers may need modifications to ensure real-time performance with PREEMPT_RT or Xenomai.

Vendor-Specific Drivers

Utilize drivers provided by SpaceWire hardware vendors. These drivers are typically optimized for the hardware and may include real-time support or require minimal modification.

4. Protocol Stacks and Middleware

RMAP (Remote Memory Access Protocol)

Middleware and protocol stacks for RMAP can be integrated into a real-time Linux system to handle SpaceWire communication more effectively.

CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems)

Protocol stacks compliant with CCSDS can manage real-time SpaceWire data, ensuring reliable communication and data integrity.

5. Development Tools

SpaceWire Routers and Switches

Devices like routers and switches from vendors like STAR-Dundee can facilitate the management of multiple SpaceWire nodes in real-time applications.

SpaceWire Test and Development Kits

Vendors often include tools for testing and developing SpaceWire systems in real-time environments. These kits are essential for validating the performance and reliability of your SpaceWire setup.

6. Configuration and Optimization

CPU Affinity and Isolation

Configure CPU affinity and isolate CPUs for real-time tasks to ensure that SpaceWire processing is not interrupted by non-real-time tasks.

Kernel Tuning

Tune kernel parameters for real-time performance, such as scheduling policies and interrupt handling, to optimize your system for SpaceWire communication.

Example Setup

To set up a SpaceWire system in a Real-Time Linux environment, you can follow these steps:

  1. Install Real-Time Linux Kernel: Patch and compile the Linux kernel with PREEMPT_RT. Learn how to apply the PREEMPT_RT patch.
  2. Install SpaceWire Interface: Connect and install the drivers for your SpaceWire interface card (e.g., STAR-Dundee).
  3. Configure Real-Time Settings: Adjust real-time settings, such as CPU isolation and priority scheduling.
  4. Develop/Integrate SpaceWire Application: Write or integrate your application using the provided API and libraries to handle SpaceWire communication.
  5. Test and Validate: Use development kits and tools to test the real-time performance and ensure that the SpaceWire communication meets the required timing constraints.

By leveraging these options and tools, you can effectively implement and manage SpaceWire communication in a Real-Time Linux environment.

For more detailed information on each step and additional resources, visit the following links:

Feel free to reach out if you have any questions or need further assistance with your SpaceWire implementation!

Basic Cubesat components

 

Example Integration of a CubeSat with GNSS capabilities

An example integration of these building blocks could look like this:

  1. Structure and Deployment: A 1U, 2U, or 3U CubeSat frame with deployable solar panels and antennas.
  2. Power: Solar panels connected to a power distribution unit that charges the battery pack.
  3. Command & Data Handling: A central command and control unit managing the CubeSat’s operations and interfacing with the GNSS receiver.
  4. Communication: A transceiver connected to a deployable antenna for ground communication.
  5. GNSS: A GNSS receiver module connected to a GNSS antenna mounted on the CubeSat frame.
  6. ADCS: Sensors and actuators integrated with the OBC for attitude determination and control.
  7. Thermal Control: Coatings and heaters ensure components stay within operational temperatures.
  8. Software: Embedded flight software on the OBC handling mission operations and GNSS data processing.
  9. Payload: GNSS receiver providing real-time position and timing data for navigation and experiments.
Top View:





Side View:



Command & Data Handling


Command and data handling should be selected to comply with the form factor expected. 
For example, a 1U form factor CubeSat is a small satellite with dimensions of 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm and a mass of up to 1.33 kg. It's the basic building block of the CubeSat standard, and its small size and standardized form make it popular for educational, research, and technology demonstration missions. Here's a breakdown of the key components and subsystems for a 1U CubeSat, especially one incorporating GNSS capabilities.

The other factor is the computation power and the power rating. It is a tradeoff between speed and power usage. FPGAs are usually a good choice, especially when equipped with a System on Chip (SoC).

<To be completed>


RTEMS

We want to install RTEMS on our Linux LXDE Desktop (kernel 4.5) that has kernel Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS.

1. 

it was needed to install curl.